Fashion Styles in 19

Fashion and clothing styles have changed over the ages. However, not all fashion has become obsolete and redundant. Many of the vintage trends in clothing have been revived and are followed even until the present day. This essay is an exploration goes the styles of the nineteenth century and how they are still influencing modern sense of fashion. The essay is divided into four parts based on the following time-period – 1800-30, 1831-65, 1870-1900, and 1901-19.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion Styles in 19-20th Centuries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More 1800-1830: Stockings Figure 1: Women’s stockings made of silk, embroidered, and instep for the ankle from 1805 (Kyoto Contume Institute ). The second picture is a silk stocking worn in the 1950s. The style during the early nineteenth century was still formal and was highly influenced by the French fashion. However, certain items used during th e time are still in use for formal dressing among the clothing items of men and women. Women’s wear was high waisted, formal, and graceful style. It was during this period that first high-waited style entered the vintage fashion, with the use of girdle used for the first time right under the bust line to show greater flow of the skirt. The underwear that is today used is a remembrance of the style that evolved in the early nineteenth century. For instance, the flesh colored stockings and pantaloons that were worn under the dresses. These were used in the same way in 1800s as women today use flesh tones bra or briefs. The item that is still being used in the modern times in various forms – stockings, long socks, leggings etc. stockings became an essential part of woman’s attire in the early nineteenth century for it not only provided women an ease from the winter cold but also helped to keep a â€Å"woman’s modesty† intact. The main importance of st ockings even today remains the same. In the early nineteenth century, the stockings were used for horse-riding fashion for men. It was in the end of the sixteenth century that it was transformed into something that women could wear as underwear. However, in the early twentieth century with the rise of the hemlines in dresses, the use of stocking increased again. Hence, stockings are important part of fashion since early nineteenth century. 1831-1865: The age of Crinolines Figure 2: Wide hoop crinoline used in the mid-19th century (The Mint Museaum)Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Figure 3: Modern use of crinoline in short skirts or full evening gowns (Claire) In the mid nineteenth century, the use of crinoline became prevalent. The advent of the wide hoop crinoline was significant development for the fashion of women of the era who found a relief in the new invention. This ensu red a freedom for them from numerous petticoats they earlier had to wear to give greater flair to the gowns. The wider hoops made their waistline look narrower. The style evolved in the 1850s, and the word crinoline meaning a â€Å"rigid skirt† (Mortal Journey). The modern adaptation of the crinoline is often found in the evening gown and wedding dresses that are worn with full flared skirt (Lord 180). However, in the later part of the nineteenth century the cage shape of the crinoline was modified with the hoops forming only on the backside. This modified crinoline was called the crinolettes. The cultural significance of the crinoline is in showing off the beauty of the women. The waist of women was an element of beauty, and the thinner the waists, the more beautiful they looked. The emphasis o n the hourglass shaped body was emphasized by the use of corsets and crinolines that helped in creating a small waistline and a wife bust and hip. The enhanced hip was with the air of the crinolines that created a bell jar shape to the bottom part of the woman’s body. In the modern times, though crinolines are not widely used for everyday purpose, but the basic insistence on a thin waist still exists. Hence, while a dress is to be worn for a special occasion, dresses are made keeping the basic idea of the crinoline on mind and provide a flared skirt that would enhance the thinness of the waist.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Fashion Styles in 19-20th Centuries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More 1866-1900: Evolution of men’s coat Figure 4: A fine wool morning coat form 1870-5 (Victoria and Albert Museum). The second is a modern version of a fine wool coat Men’s fashion has not undergone a lot of change since the late nineteenth century. There has been a change in the style of men’s fashion. The morning is a classic example of the evolution of single breasted jacket s that are so often worn today. These coats were also known as the â€Å"riding coats†. The design of these coats was an amalgamation of a riding coat and a frock coat that was usually worn in the evenings. The cut of the coats were such that they fell back elegantly in the back like a skirt. The morning coat that is shown in the figure below is an example of the coat that came into fashion in the 1870s and was popularly known as the â€Å"University† or the â€Å"Angle fronted† coat (Victoria and Albert Museum). The collar of these morning coats were cut in acute angle and the backside of the garment dropped to form the coat until the waist. It was used for wearing at daytime for work or other non-formal activity. In the description of the coat presented at Victoria and Albert Museum an excerpt from the book Manners for Men (1897) states, â€Å"For morning wear the morning-coat or jacket of the tweed suit is correct. After lunch, when in town, the well-dressed man may continue to wear his morning coat or the regulation frock-coat, with trousers of some neat, striped grey mixture.† (Victoria and Albert Museum) Men wear similar coats today, with less elaborate collars, but following the basic design of the early morning coats. The neck of the coats is cut in acute angle as their predecessors’ and falls back as a skirt in the back.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More 1901-1919: A shift toward lighter swimwear Figure 5: 1910 swimwear (Hsueh) This was the era of haute couture that showed a woman’s silhouette. The dress worn by the women then flaunted low busts and very thin waistline accentuated by the tight corsets. However, later the skirts started loosing its length and the glimpse of the ankles were visible. In the beginning of the twentieth century, the skirts were long and full. In the post 1910 era until the beginning of the World War I, there is an emphasis on flatter bust and slim hips. Women’s dresses no longer had the bustles or the trains that were considered the fashion previously. Since 1914, with the beginning of the war, the attention on fashion was drawn away from design and then to the material. The fashion item that is discussed in this era is the women’s swimwear. Swimming is a sport was enjoyed in the western countries for long, however, women used to wear their regular clothes that were cumbersome to the beach. However, in the early twentieth century there was a shift in the popular swimwear designs for women, when fashion designers brought in more relaxed, and smaller swimwear, as shown in figure 5. Evidently, this was the time when the women’s swimwear was becoming briefer and lighter. Works Cited Claire. 2010. â€Å"The Fashion Bomb’s Fall 2010 Haute Couture Review : Chanel, Christian Dior, Valentino, And More!† 2010. Fashion Bomb Daily. Web. Hsueh, Roselyn. 2009. â€Å"Vintage Swimwear and Bathing Beauties – 1900†²s – 1920†²s.† 2009. Clamour Daze. Web. Lord, W. B. The Corset and the Crinoline: An Illustrated History. London: Dover Publications, 2007. Print. Mortal Journey. 2011. â€Å"The Crinoline/Hoop Skirt Craze of the 1850†²s and 1860†²s.† 2011. Mortal Journey. Web. Kyoto Contume Institute. 2014. â€Å"Stockings 1830s.† 2014. Kyoto Contume Institute Digital Archives. Web. The Mint Museaum. 2013. â⠂¬Å"Fashions od the Crinoline era, 1840 – 1865.† 2013. The Mint Museaum. Web. Victoria and Albert Museum. 2014. â€Å"Fine wool morning coat,.† 1982. Victoria and Albert Museum. Web. This essay on Fashion Styles in 19-20th Centuries was written and submitted by user TexasTw1ster to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Reality Shows

Reality Shows Reality shows, why do we like them so much? I started thinking about this question, and then I though about how many I actually had watched. Reality shows has become a big trend in our society today. People can become famous for almost anything, and a lot of people seem to think that being in a reality show is the biggest thing that can happen in life.I think all of us have though about being famous at some point in our life. How nice it would feel to be that athlete, singer or actor that everyone knows. Maybe you always dreamed about becoming a model, a writer or why not just get married to a rich famous man or woman. I don't see this as something wrong, I think that everyone, at some point, wishes for that feeling of being someone important and well known. An easy way of having 15 minutes of fame today is to be in a reality show.English: This is a production sound mixer Lance Lu...Today you can probably turn on the TV at any time of day and be able to see a reality show. The marke t has exploded, and they are almost taking over TV.We might think that reality television are a new phenomenon, but the truth is that the first reality show debuted in 1973, and it was called An American Family. On Thursday, January 11, 1973, the first broadcast of An American Family changed television history forever. The Loud family were from Santa Barbara, California and consisted of Mother Pat, Father Bill, and their five children Lance, Kevin, Grant, Delilah and Michele.It was a fascinating documentary series. The members of the Loud family opened up their home and lives for seven months to producer Craig Gilbert, who shot 300 hours of footage. Only 12 hours...

Writing paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Writing paper - Essay Example thing seems to be rippled, and only a few look concerned about the American problems, as everybody assumes that things are headed in the right direction. The scope of this essay is therefore based on the common problems that are likely to end the American dream, of which income inequality is the biggest problem of all the American problems. Many people have been of the opinion that racism is the biggest problem facing America. The bold prediction has been that the rising income inequality will be the most crucial political battleground for the next few decades (Cal et al). Surprisingly, most of the American problems have resulted from income inequality and this problem has been there for so long. Economists have assumed the income inequality problem for so long despite its consequences. The gap between the rich and the poor has been increasing on a daily basis. The rich are spending more simply because they have more cash to spend. Their spending has been shifting the frame of reference that shapes the life of those who are in lower economic class, travelling in overlapping social circles. The middle class also spends more, shifting the reference frame for the group just below it, and the income ladder continues this way up to those living below the poverty line. Such cascades have made it more expensive for middle inc ome earners to achieve basic financial goals. Taking a look at figures such as the income that accrue to the top 1% increased from 9% in 1977 to 20% in 2012. The richest 0.1% used to control 7% of wealth in 1980 and 22% of the wealth in 2013. Meanwhile, many people have been of the opinion that the only way of reducing this income inequality would be through increasing taxes on income and wealth. Unfortunately, the rich will not allow this to happen. Income inequality has caused a snowballing effect on the distribution of income, as there is a high rate of saving top incomes. As a result, wealth has been concentrating at the top. The rising income

The Future of airlines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Future of airlines - Essay Example The security concerns shown by many passengers and increasing surveillance by the security agencies not only mean scheduling delays but airlines are also facing a general increase in the overall discontent of the customers. What will be the future of airline industry and how it will shape itself into future is a big question for strategists as well as futurologists as the fast changing business environment envisages completely new and revolutionary changes into it. However, before discussing what changes may take place in airline industry as well as well as the individual business practices of different airline firms. This paper will present an analysis regarding the future of airline industry and how it shape into future and what course of action industry will take over the different external as well as internal issues which industry is currently facing. It is being argued that the US airline industry is the victim of its own past success. The industry thrived on intense competition to lower the fare to attract as much passenger traffic possible however due to lack of government support in terms of increasing the overall capacity of the airports and runways, the increasing passenger demands were not adequately met due to which industry started to suffer a sharp decline from its previous position. The event of 9/11 aggravated the situation further by adding other dimensions to the overall air travel and that was of safety. There are many issues which are of concerns for most of the industry experts regarding the future of airline industry including the increasing concerns over customer services, safety of the customers which has become an increasingly important concern, changing technology as well as overall economics of doing the business. Further, due to safety concerns, the demand for the private jets especially light jets is increasing. The use of lightweight jets are predicted to be used air taxies to cover short distances at relatively low costs and more accuracy without loss of time. Apart from above factors, globalization, shifting of economic activity to countries such as China, Brazil, Russia etc, current credit crunch in most of the developed countries, ageing population with lesser requirements of air travel, corporate social responsibility as well as ethical consumerism are all the different factors which are said to be contributing towards defining the future shape of airline industry. The above graph1 suggests that the recent activity in airline industry is decreasing with the passage of time. Not only passenger traffic is consistently decreasing but the freight is decreasing too due to high oil prices. It is also because of this reason that most of the airlines have started charging baggage surcharge as well as reduced the amount of meals served in order to remain competitive in the face of reduced passenger and freight traffic. The above scenarios suggest that different factors which have been mentioned above are already taking their toll over the progress and growth of the industry. Corporate and Social Responsibility Corporate social responsibility is not a new concept and its relevance to the airline industry is as long as the concept itself. What is important however is the fact that corporate and social

Female Bonding Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Female Bonding Practices - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that in the tradition of cinematography that often depict the stories of women, the messages that are conveyed to the audience are very formalized and conventionalized. There are several characteristics that can be derived from the analysis of these messages: â€Å"Code of beautiful behavior. Conformity. Containment. Conservatism. Confines.† However, female bonding practices are different since they break through these conventions and establish new type of relationship that do not fit within the framework of the messages outlined above. The three movies chosen for analysis demonstrate different disconnection from these conventions yet all of them have a different focus on what relationship between women are like outside of the social mindset and perspective on this issue, even though each of these stories has certain traditional plot and rhythm to them.This study highlights that  among the frameworks that female bonding in all the three films breaks is the one that reflects the world as a place â€Å"in which only moderate expectations are honored and only moderate feelings are tolerated.†Ã‚  With this, the leading female characters are able to introduce sensational notion in order to develop the plots of the stories.  It is of general knowledge that, throughout history, women had less possibilities of expressing themselves in public relationship.  This resulted in the necessity of put extra efforts in order to reach the same position of men.

The Stranger, Albert Camus

The Stranger, Albert Camus The Stranger, Albert Camus reader gluing book is all about an inane activities of Meursault the protagonist. The setting of this book is in Algiers; in the beginning of this wonderful novel we encounter the death of Maeursaults mother in Marengo. The author of this book wrote it in the first person style thus allowing the reader to view Meursault to be the sole individual that propels all the unfolding in the novel. For this matter, the author relays sequence of events that invokes Meursault to shoot a friend, he is imprisoned and his eventual death. With regard to all that Meursault does and does not do convicts the reader to call him an anti-hero. This paper seeks to discuss the anti-hero theme in The Stranger as written by Albert Camus. Death of Meursaults Mother Part one of the book describes Meursault as a person of indifferent towards emotion and interaction with others. When he receives the news of his mothers death he is not even carried away with emotions as one who has lost an important person in his life, (Bloom 20). In addition he only focuses on the physical and practical details surrounding the death of his mother. He is also depicted by the author as one who loves weather and other beautiful sceneries. In relation to this, he does not feel anything; neither grief nor sadness during his mothers funeral procession, (Camus 70). He also beliefs that, the world is meaningless and purposeless; the feelings of an anti-hero person and therefore, Meursault fulfills the anti-hero theme. The unique character of Meursault to certain events compels the reader to claim that Meursault is an anti-hero. For instance, before the death of his mother Meursault was looking forward to spending the weekend with Marie. After getting the information that his mother is dead, he appears heartless, doesnt express any grief or even get concerned, in fact he goes for swimming in a public beach spending good time with Marie. He doesnt seam affected by the death of his mother, he does stand with solidarity for his mother a complete character of anti-hero person. Meursaults conversation with his boss and other co-workers with regard to the death of his mother is cleverly avoided by Meursault. Furthermore, he changes the subject after giving a very short response. As much as his work mates express concern about the death of Meursaults mother, Meursault himself is adamant and does feel anything he continues working as usual. Meursault has a different personality which completely contrasts that of a focused and a determined person, (Enotes 5). He displays traits of a failure in life throughout the book. Lust and Lack of emotions Albert portrays Meursault as someone who is lustrous and having no feelings or passion. When he goes swimming with Marie we are told that he was intensely aroused at any moment he sees her. Consequently, after swimming, they all hurry to Meursaults apartment, spend the night together till the next day, (McCarthy 40). When Marie asks him if he really loved her, he replied that it doesnt mean anything and therefore, he doesnt think so. With regard to this event, Marie perceived Meursault as her hero who could eventually marry her but it turned out that he was not. Meursault is a person who lacks any ambition to accomplish anything substantial in life. For instance, when he is offered a position in a new office to be opened by his boss in Paris, Meursault replies that it is all the same to him. In addition when Marie asks Meursault if he wants to merry her, he says that it doesnt make any deference meaning that he has no feelings for her, (Sagi 20). Meursault is a non performer and therefore, an anti-hero character. Meursault is also portrayed as one who cannot make a distinction between two conflicting situations; unable to decide. For instance when he is given a gun by Raymond he has no capacity to neither to shoot nor not shoo. He is unable to make out the difference that exists between the two alternatives. When he murdered an Arab does not affect him in any way, it is inevitable that Meursault doesnt know the order and meaning of life. His acts are irrational completely describing somebody who is unable to accomplish a meaningful act given that Meursaults killing of the Arab was an act out of no reason, (Schwerner 25). These are actions of an anti-hero person. Arrest and Execution Part two of The Stranger begins with the arresting of Meursault for killing the Arab. When the court appoints a lawyer to investigate about Meursault, he establishes that Meursault is insensitive. When he is also taken to the examining magistrate, the magistrate concluded that Meursault has a hardened and irrevocable soul. It was also established that Meursault never believed in God and he never knew what caused to act the way he acted. Heroes believe in God and have a clear self understanding, but with this man Meursault, everything is different. He is an anti-hero and doesnt understand what he does with his life, (Showalter 15). When Marie visits Meursault in jail, she encourages him to have hope because she believes he will be acquitted and that they will get married as soon as he is out of prison. On the other hand Meursault is interested in mournful prisoners sitting besides him. When Marie leaves, Meursault sends a letter to her informing her that the authorities will not allow her to visit Meursault anymore. This indicates that Meursault is hopeless and does not know the meaning of life which a recipe of all heroes who have ever lived. Meursault confinement and imprisonment does not incite any guilt or regret over his actions, he only focuses on hi practical and physical situation rather than the emotional elements. He longs for nature, ocean, sex, and cigarettes rather than his freedom. As a hero one should think of how to get out of the prison and not issues that cannot him get acquitted. It is only in prison that Meursault starts to know about himself as to how he can adjust and live in any environment, (Sparknotes 3). Heroic minds have a vision of what living conditions they need, and strives to achieve the perceived condition, Meursault is not one of them, he has an anti-heroic minds. During Meursaults trials he is surprised to see people parked in the courtroom. Furthermore he passively observed the judgments leveled against him. Without even thinking of how he might help himself out of the prison or to get acquitted, he begins to ponder the fact of his inevitable death. In fact, he concludes that there is difference between dying soon by being executed and dying decades later of a natural death. This kind of thinking is inclined to failures in life, somebody who dont have hope and therefore no meaning for him to live. He is not a hero and therefore he can not live to the fact that one day he can have a better life full of meaning and hope, (Warsh 27). Conclusion In conclusion, Camus managed to display the anti-hero them in the book The Stranger. Meursault specifically was used to display different situation in which human beings are unable to think rationally and make rational decisions. The behavior and characters attached to Meursault are evident enough that a person can deviate from the true line of life of being determined, hopeful and ready to confront any situation for him come out successful. It is true that we have people who completely lack emotions and feelings and this is so strange as human life is concerned hence The stranger.

White Attitudes Towards Nature Essay -- Racial Relations, Indian, Whit

In Luther Standing Bear’s â€Å"Nature† and Louis Owens’s â€Å"The American Indian Wilderness†, the authors dictate differences in Indian and white relationships with nature. They stress how Indians see nature, their balanced relationship with it, and how Indians know wilderness is just a European idea. Though agreeing here, Standing Bear focuses on how Indians truly lived while Owens reveals more of both sides and has hope that white views can shift. Standing Bear thinks the difference in how whites and Indians see nature stems from childhood. He believes Indian children are aware of nature because they have been taught to â€Å"become conscious of life† and spend time observing the wild around them (9). By seeing the world this way, their love and respect for it flourishes (10). He says this appreciation sharply contrasts to ignorant whites who thoughtlessly play as children, ignoring everything but each other, and grow up disregarding the knowledge nature gives, seeing only what they can use. He thinks whites are bored with nature because they do not have the â€Å"Indian point of view† (11). The distance whites have from nature harms their relationship with it and humans, making them less compassionate when they do not see â€Å"man’s heart, away from nature, becomes hard† (Standing Bear 12). Similarly, Owens says whites see nature differently because of childhood experiences. Instead of growing up daily in nature, white children sporadically go camping, and thus view nature as a tourist attraction instead of a second home. He states Indians embrace nature because it has a stronger family significance to them that whites do not see. Indians call the Cascades the â€Å"Great Mother† because of stories they have heard growing up, and things like this ca... ...s have led him to think whites will never change and that the two races â€Å"[can] not understand each other† (12). On the other hand, Owens has hope for whites because he did not grow up with Indian traditions and he witnessed the U.S. Forest Service protecting nature when he was sent to burn the shed. (11). Indians comprehend and value nature more than whites and these authors recognize that. They believe the trouble with white attitudes is they do not truly see nature or form harmonious relationships, and whites think they can be separated from their idea of wilderness. Although Standing Bear is critical of whites and believes they will never change, Owens thinks they will if they continue to redefine how they view nature and try to connect with it. Overall, both authors want whites to respect the Indian way of living with nature and aspire to be that way also.